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ELT-61216 Biomedical Engineering: Signals and Systems
Exam 17.10.2016/ Juha Nousiainen

Neither calculators nor materials are allowed.
Give brief and compact answers in each guestion! Use graphs to clarify your answers.

1 Describe as a block diagram a generalized measurement system of physiological signals.
Describe the data and information flow, name the functional components and state their main
function. Apply the general schema of the recording system to the ECG recording.

2. Describe (draw) a typical ECG signal wave form, name its components and argue why this
typical wave form is usually observed. Give examples what kind of clinical information

about the functioning of the heart muscle can be obtained with the ECG?

3 Clarify, why and how you as a biomedical engineer must be aware of noise problem in the
recording of physiological signals.

4. Describe how you can model with intuitive concepis the generation of the ECG.

S. Explain the principle of medical tomographic imaging system. Name what kinds of
tomography imaging modalities there are in clinical use?

6. Explain principle of the pulse-echo ultrasound imaging system. State why ultrasound is so
popular (benefits) in medical practice.

J: Clarify the concepts of forward and inverse problems and the role of modelling in solving
these problems. Give an illustrative example of the use of both problems from biomedical
field.

8. Describe as a block diagram an automatic control system based on a closed-loop negative

feedback system. Apply this schema to an artificial cardiac pacemaker.